The Crucible Essays (1208 words) - Salem Witch Trials, Tituba

The Crucible There are several similarities and differences between the 1996 movie The Crucible and the truth about what happened in the Salem Witch Trials. Even though there were differences between the movie The Crucible and the actual Salem Witch Trials, the movie summarized the trials very well. Ever since Increase Mather and thirteen or fourteen other pastors signed what was called the Cases of Conscience document, the village of Salem was in major controversy. The farms around there hadn't been farmed in months and the village wasn't looking good. Some of the Puritans blamed this on the witches (A Village Possessed). It was late one night when two girls by the names of Elizabeth Parris and Abigail Williams went out into the woods to a camp fire where they found a dozen other girls their age in a circle led by a person named Tituba (The Crucible). Every girl was acting a little strange, but Elizabeth and Abigail were acting a little stranger. Right when things got out of hand, the girls were discovered by Rev. Samuel Parris, pastor of Salem Village and father of Elizabeth Parris. All of the girls scattered and so did Tituba. The true side of the story is that the two girls had made a homemade crystal ball and dropped the white of an egg over it trying to see if they had any visions. Like a lot of the other girls in the village, Abigail and Elizabeth were trying to see into the future to learn who their husbands would be and to see what their husbands would do for a living. The girls went ahead and did this even though they knew that playing with the occult practice of fortune telling was forbidden . The girls knew that tampering with the business of God could "open the door to Satan (Rice Jr.)." It was just a coincidence that something went very wrong that day. The two girls went to bed that night, but didn't awake the next morning. They just lied motionless in bed like they were in a coma. The girls just lied motionless in bed for days (The Crucible). In the actual trials the girls saw a coffin in their crystal ball instead of their husbands. Soon after, the two girls started having "fits." Their legs and arms flew around their heads while they were shouting a strange different language. This behavior did not stay with just the two girls; it spread to at least eight other girls. The doctors of Salem Village could not give any help; prayer did not even help. The Puritans were convinced that this was the work of the devil and the girls were bewitched (MaGill). But who had bewitched the girls? The girls that were bewitched began to point their fingers. The first accusation went towards the very strange Tituba. Tituba was a Caribbean Slave (Linder). Sarah Good, a beggar, was another to be accused, and so was Sarah Osborne, an old hermit. The girls would say that they had dreams about these people coming to them telling them to do harm or worship Satan. The accusations continued until the jails were overflowing. The way they would detect the witches is to ask for a confession. If the accused people would admit to doing it, they would live (The Crucible). If they denied it, they would be executed. Some say that they would detect the witches by a small mark on the back of their necks. If the accused person had this small mark, they were a witch (Gragg). After too many people in jail, the trials began. Normally the girls of the village were seen but not heard from, but on the day of the trials the "afflicted girls" were getting into holes, crawling under chairs, and bending their bodies into weird shapes. As the trials began, Sarah Good, Tituba, and Sarah Osborne waited in jail. Every day a new group of accused people joined them. People of every trade and every characteristic. Every one was in terror that their neighbors would be witches, or even if someone in their house were a witch (A Village Possessed). The movie explained these happenings in the same way. In March of 1692,

Unseen Commentary from Gweilo Essays

Unseen Commentary from Gweilo Essays Unseen Commentary from Gweilo Essay Unseen Commentary from Gweilo Essay Essay Topic: Literature This extract (pg 130- 132) gives us an insight on one of Martins interesting but bizarre adventures. In this extract, we see Martin meets a narrow minded man called Nagasaki Jim. In this commentary, I will be explaining how Martin Booth uses literally technique to slowly reveal this scene and to describe it. The extract opens with a strong impactful sentence You lo go dis place (Nagasaki Jim). Martin Booth uses this short sentence to present a small hint to audience about the near future. We (the audience) know that Martin is a very adventurous. Knowing this, we make out that Martin will go into Nagasakis place and something dreadful may happen. However, we, the audience dont know what is going to happen. By doing, this Martin Booth creates tension. Half-way thought page 130, we see dialogue between Nagasaki Jim and Martin Hello, he said pleasantlyWhats your nameWould you like to see my gun. In this dialogue, we see Nagasaki Jim trying to seduce Martin into coming into his room. To show this Martin Booth uses positive diction such as pleasantly and nice. This builds suspicion in the mind of the audience. It makes us question ourselves why Nagasaki Jim is doing this and is what he is going to do now. The description during the dialogue, of how Martin was cautious shows us that even though Martin is a daring boy, he does sense that Nagasaki may do something. The simile My seventh puerile sense was tingling like a high-tension cable emphasizes the feeling of something dangerous going to happen. By comparing his childish feeling to a high-tension cable gives me the impression for the first time in the book that Martin may back-off because of his fears and leave. Negative diction such as cautiously and phrases such as Ill wait here again highlights the fear that Martin is currently is experiencing. The quote The metal was warm and smooth and smelt of gun lubricating oil suggests that Martin loves the gun. It is probably the only why Martin has stayed in Nagasakis place. The author uses positive sensory warm and smooth (touch) and smelt of lubricating oil (smell) to show this to use. Warm and smooth make the gun seem like a cuddly item (i.e. like a teddy bear) when in fact a gun is a horrible item which is used to kill people. The audience is shocked and devastated when Nagasaki says Show me your winkle. The tension and pressure is finally broken. From this line we, the audience figure that Nagasaki is a very narrow minded man. The simile followed by the quote above I was not as green as I was cabbage-looking shows that Martin knows what is happening. Thought the simile, Martin tries to say that he is not dumb however the words (cabbage-looking) used by the author gives us an impression that Martin is naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve. The author reminds us that Martin is still a young boy. Nagasaki Jim hanged himself is a shock, sudden impact for the audience. The comma gives a short and sharp end to the chapter. This line makes us the audience feel sorry for him, even thought he did all does bad things.

War in Darfur Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

War in Darfur - Essay Example The government responded to these assaults by taking sides with and by providing weapons to the Janjaweed, an Arab militia having been accused f attempts to eliminate black Africans from the nearby territory. Although the government denies the joining f forces with the Janjaweed, Darfur refugees have confirmed that following the government's aerial bombings, these soldiers have slaughtered men, raped women and have looted many villages in their path. Civilians have been forced to leave their homes and seek refuge in camps within Darfur's larger towns where there is a shortage f food supplies, medicine and more importantly, water. Many have gone as far as escaping to Chad, a neighboring country whose conditions in certain regions are the same as in Darfur. (Bengali 9-11) On May 5th 2006, a peace accord was offered by the country's largest rebel force, the Sudan Liberation Army, and was signed by the government, however two smaller rebel groups have refused to accept the treaty. The objective was for the Janjaweed to be disarmed, and for the rebel forces to become part f the Sudanese army. Although different sources have provided different numbers, the death toll in Darfur stands at approximately 400, 000 and will continue to rise so long as no one puts an end to this unbelievable tragedy. (Briggs 77-80) While it is impossible to single-handedly stop the slaughtering in Darfur, there are many ways one can help the situation. As always, a cash donation is the most common method f aid, and in a humanitarian crisis such as this, it is one f the only methods f help available; money donations are far more practical than oversea shipments f food and clothing at high transportation costs. The Red Cross is one f the major organizations currently making a difference in Sudan and Chad. The ICRC (International Committee f the Red Cross) has been involved with helping in Sudan since 1978 due to famine being a constant death factor in many African countries. The U.N., whose responsibility is to protect civilians affected by political issues, has hesitated before taking action. This resembles their behavior in Rwanda, when 800, 000 Rwandans were left to die in a short period f three months. According to Amnesty International, attacks on civilians and aid workers have increased since late 2005. If something is to be done, it must be accomplished quickly, as more and more lives are being put in danger. (Harris 1-7) Human Rights Crisis in Darfur If you ask anybody what they know about the Darfur conflict you will most likely hear "it is a genocide being waged by Arabs against Africans". The truth about what is happening in this country and the causes are much deeper and sometimes surprising. It is popular to denounce the genocide taking place there, due in part to the efforts f celebrities like Angelina Jolie who are raising awareness. Besides awareness, though, understanding f the entire is situation is needed if real change is to occur. (Flint 99-104) Darfur is a region in Sudan the size f France or Texas and has been home to many tribes, the biggest being the Fur tribe. This is where the name Darfur come comes from. Literally translated it means "the land f the Fur". This country is also

Thermodynamics Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Thermodynamics - Speech or Presentation Example For instance, a rotating flywheel in motion possesses a ‘rotational energy’ which may also be treated a kinetic energy. Once a brake is applied to stop it, then the flywheel comes to rest the moment its kinetic energy is converted to potential energy which the device stores from the previous state of motion. First of all, an internal energy of a thermodynamic system pertains to the sum of all the microscopic energy forms. So, even if the fluid is at rest in a tank, it may possess an internal energy such as with respect to its position in the tank (i.e. altitude/height from the ground), its mass, and the effect of gravity ‘g’ which altogether makes a potential energy for the fluid. Q1.4c A m3 of air at B bar is expanded in a cylinder until the volume is C m3. Calculate the final pressure and the work done if the expansion is polytropic and n = 1.4. If the temperature before expansion is DÂ ° C and Cv = 245 J/kg-K, Find the heat energy transferred during this process. Use R = 810 J/kg-K and draw a P/V diagram for the process. Use your individual values for the above calculations. Fuels of low quality may contribute to rough engine operation. When considering upgrade in the fuel standard to improve engine performance, one must take into account the fuel characteristics which should be reduced or rid of excessive high or low volatility, contaminants, formation of gum, and inadequate octane. Basically, thermal efficiency refers to the difference between the energy content of the fuel consumed and the useful power extracted from the engine. A good thermal efficiency is one with high compression ratio and where fuels used are greatly calorific or at energy much larger than engine power under extraction so that this difference is equivalent to the energy of combustion that is converted to mechanical work which

Business Law and Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business Law and Ethics - Essay Example A number of parents consider themselves obliged to instill virtues of right or wrong in their children. Foundations of personal ethics are built when a parent tells the child that it is wrong to steal and the behavior of the parent has a strong impact alike. Family’s actions contribute heavily to the personal ethics and morality of a child (Pojman & Fieser 56). Religious beliefs, on the other hand, do have special influences on personal ethics. The reason is, religion allows individuals to conform to set moral regulations. There is a promise of reward as a form of motivation for adhering to the â€Å"rules† in religion. Culture is a set of key values, attitudes, assumptions, and norms shared by a group of people (Pojman & Fieser 63). One may have a personal ethos simply because of the culture surrounding. With time the traditions and norms of society may be upheld and ingrained in an individual. As a person grows up in life, ethical standards do change. A number of facts can shift ones ethical standards: experience, emotions, personal understanding, and internal reflection. In the development of an individual, there are diverse experiences that one goes through, this, have a great impact on his ethical norms. Feelings could shift the ethical attitudes of people. As one is overtaken by the time he will have a different understanding o n different issues and he will develop his ethics towards the issues that he understands better off. It feels bad and ashamed when something is done in contrary to our moral code. Similarly, it feels good and proud when something that is coined to our ethical norm is done. The manufacturing company is in grave violation of the principles of ethics. A critical examination is taken on scenario three. First, it is against the principle of consequents, that stipulates the ratio of good or bad an action produces.     

Needs Analysis And Applied Intervention Proposal Physical Education Essay

Needs Analysis And Applied Intervention Proposal Physical Education Essay A client has agreed to take part in our case study and a needs analysis will be completed on their chosen sport. This will be split into three areas and they are psychology, nutrition and physiology. Background information of coach/ performer/ team/sport The participant is a 20 year old male cricketer who represents the Lancashire Cricket Club Academy and has been playing cricket from the age 10. The participant is an accomplished all rounder but his main strength is bowling. Therefore, the intervention proposal is based on the clients bowling. Traditionally, cricket is played in the summer where the bowlers will be required to bowl in hot and humid conditions (Burke et al, 1997). Cricket from a physiological perspective is a prolonged variable intensity team sport (Soo et al, 2007). Players are required to perform multiple bouts of intermittent exercise at near maximal effort, punctuated with intervals of low exercise intensity or rest for the duration of the match (Burke et al 1997; Shi et al, 1998). Acts of bowling, batting and fielding primarily utilize the anaerobic energy system. Players are also required to stand for long periods of time, bending, stopping and squatting. These low-moderate paced exercises require good aerobic fitness (Patel, 2010). The energy demands for fast bowling during one-day cricket suggests that fast bowlers deliver 64 deliveries (60 legal/ 4 wides or no-balls) in approximately 40 minutes. During this time bowlers are expected to run 1.9km in about 5.3miniutes at an average speed of 21.6km-h. When viewed in this context it is apparent that bowling in one day cricket is substantial (Noakes et al, 2000). Noakes Durandt (2000) researched the physiological requirements of international cricket players, they were compared against international rugby players and surprisingly very little difference in physiological attributes was found. The average sprint performance for the bowlers over 35 metres was 5.2 seconds. Therefore, when we test our client their scores can be compared to the literature. The main aim of the client is to take over 60 wickets during the upcoming cricket season where he will play 22 matches. He wants his bowling average to be under 30.00 runs per wicket. This means that he has to concede less runs every time he claims a wicket which will test his bowling accuracy. If he can perform to these expectations he will be in contention for selection for the Lancashire Cricket Club second XI. Needs Analysis From an initial interview with the client, the client identified a number of weaknesses and limitations. Figure 1 The Client felt that during the latter part of his bowling run-up he is slowing down instead of getting faster to increase momentum. His bound (jump) during the critical stage of his bowling action was not satisfactory and felt he needed to bound at a greater height. He feels that his head is falling over to the left hand side after he has delivered the ball. He needs to improve his accuracy, he feels as if the ball is controlling him rather than him controlling the ball. He has been getting reoccurring calf pains and he needs to treat it on a day to day basis. He feels pain in his left calf at the end of days play. He feels he needs to improve his arm speed to help him deliver the ball with greater velocity. He doesnt have the confidence to deliver the ball with pace and accuracy. He feels he needs to sacrifice his maximum bowling pace for accuracy He gets deflated when a batsman is dominating him during a spell of his bowling and finds it difficult to bounce back. (Anxiety and Self confidence) As the clients origin is Indian, He consumes Indian food. He feels his current diet is hindering his BMI and physique due to the increased fat intake such as fried rice and chicken tikka curries. However, he has no choice but to eat these types of foods in order to satisfy his culture and his family. Figure 2: Baseline test scores for Physiology Test Mean Score Standing Vertical Jump (cm) 59.2 Arm Power (Hand Grip Dynamometer) (kg) 51.4 10 meter sprint (sec) 1.4249 20 meter sprint (sec) 2.9066 30 meter sprint (sec) 4.8560 Figure 2 shows the baseline test scores that were carried out at the University Of Leicester cricket ground (See appendix for pictures). The hand grip dynamometer was used to measure arm power because it is widely known that hand grip strength is a possible predictor for overall body strength, including arm strength. But little information was available regarding this. Smith et al (2005) reported a correlation in grip strength and overall body strength. Our client scored a vertical jump score of 59.2cm which in comparison to the norm data for 16-20 years it is ranked as above average (Davies et al 2000). However when comparing to elite performers our client ranks in the lowest 40% for male elite athletes (Chu, 1996). It has also been reported that the average jump height for an Academy level pace bowler is 60.5cm (Gore, 2000). Figure 2 show that our client does not meet the suggested values for vertical jump. Therefore, there is a deficiency in their leg power. This supports the needs analysis about the clients bound (jump) during the critical stage of their bowling action. The client feels that they need to execute their bound at a greater height. Figure 3: Nutritional Test/food Dairy Value Mean Score Skinfold Body fat estimate Durnin and Wolmersley  (1974) Equation 19% Body mass index 14.1% Mean daily Calorie intake (non training) 2360 Mean daily Calorie intake (Training) 1458 Figure 3 shows that the bowler needs to reduce their body fat % from 19% to 12%. It has been suggested that a cricketer needs to have a body fat % of around 12-14% (Noakes et al, 2000.). Therefore, setting a weight goal would be appropriate. The target body weight formula allows you to determine your target body weight and the formula is used by athletes who want to reduce their body fat percentage (Macedonia et al, 2009). Figure 4: The Clients 5 Day Calorie intake Calories (kcal) Carbohydrates % Proteins % Fats % 30th October 2295.6 53.57 22.17 24.26 31st October 1817.4 36.73 24.66 38.61 1st November 2113 79.62 7.87 12.51 2nd November 2672.9 61.53 9.73 28.74 3rd November 1099.8 69.53 12.75 17.72 Current Non Training day intake Current Training day intake Figure 4.1: Mean intake of grams consumed for training and non training days Mean Intake in grams per day Carbohydrates Proteins Fats Non training 347.83g 84.83g 81.67g Training 163.95g 61.58g 55.6g Figure 4 and 4.1 show the clients total calorie intake, the percentage of each food category that they consume and the amount of grams they consume for each food category. Figure 5: Cunningham Formula CUNNINGHAM FORMULA: 500+ (22X FFM in kg) = RMR 500+ (22 x 63.99) = RMR Resting Metabolic Rate = 1907 KCAL Figure 5 shows The Cunningham Formula which is a prediction equation that is considered one of the best ways to estimate Resting Metabolic Rate for athletes because it incorporates body composition. This would be useful for the Bowler to calculate so he can consume the right amount of calories on his non-training days (Macedonia et al, 2009). Figure 5.1: Target Body weight Current weight: 173.8lbs Fat Free Mass: 140.8lbs Current Body Fat%: 19% Recommended Body Fat: 12% Figure 5.1 shows the target body weight the client has to achieve in order to reach the recommended body fat % value (see appendix for calculation). Figure 5.2: Target weight Formula: Target Body Weight = current fat-free mass / (1- % desired body fat) 140.8 / (1 0.12) 140.8/ 0.88 = 163.4lbs 173.8 163.4 lbs = 10.4 lbs Target weight loss= 10.4 lbs Figure 5.1 illustrates the target weight formula and shows that the bowler needs to reduce 10.4 lbs of fat free mass to reach his goal of 12% body fat (See appendix for calculation). Figure 5.3: Calories Needed to build muscle and lose fat Goal Gender Total Calories To gain Muscle Mass and lose muscle mass simultaneously Male Baseline Kcal plus 300 1907.08 kcal + 300 = 2207.08 Figure 5.3 shows the clients calorie intake for their training day. Their baseline Kcal is their RMR (see Figure 5). In order to gain muscle and lose fat the athlete has to increase their calorie intake by 300 kcal from their RMR. The revised calorie intake can be used during their training day. Therefore, the athlete has an accurate reading of the amount of calories they can consume during their training and non training days (Macedonia et al, 2009). Figure 6 Non Training Day Calorie Intake 1907 kcal: Grams (g) during Non Training Day 65% of Carbohydrates of 1907 Kcal: 1240 kcal 1240/4= 310g 12% of Proteins of 1907 Kcal: 229 kcal 229/4= 57g 20% Of Fats of 1907 Kcal: 381 kcal 381/9= 42g 3% of Micronutrients of 1907 kcal: 57 Kcal Figure 6.1 Training Day Calorie Intake 2207 kcal: Grams (g) during Training Day 70% of Carbohydrates of 2207 Kcal: 1545 kcal 1545/4= 386.2g 15% of Proteins of 2207 Kcal: 331 Kcal 331/4= 83g 12% Of Fats of 2207 Kcal: 265 Kcal 265/9= 29g 3% of Micronutrients of 2207 kcal: 66 Kcal Figure 6 and 6.1 shows the total amount of calories the Fast Bowler needs to consume during his training and non training days in order to reach his goals (See Needs Analysis, Figure 1). Figure 7: Psychology CSAI-2 Questionnaire Score Cognitive anxiety 19/36 Somatic anxiety 18/36 Self-confidence 29/36 It has been reported that for team sports, athletes should have CSAI-2 values lower than 18 out of 36 in terms of Cognitive anxiety, 16 out of 36 for somatic anxiety and they should score higher than 24 for Self Confidence (Martens et al, 2000). Our client does not meet the suggested values for somatic and cognitive anxiety (19 Cognitive, 18 Somatic). This supports the clients weakness of getting deflated when a batsman is dominating him during a spell of his bowling and how he finds it difficult to bounce back. The Clients Weaknesses The Client leg power needs to be improved (See Figure 2). The client is consuming a big proportion of fats in their diet. This can be shown in their body fat percentage and their current fat percentage intake (See Figure 4). The clients somatic anxiety is higher than it should be (See Figure 7). Identification of areas for improvement Physiology It is important for cricketers, especially bowlers, to have high levels of strength and power in their legs. Pyne et al (2006) suggested that static jump performance and arm length correlated positively with bowling speed and performance. Our client had a mean score of 59.2cm in the vertical jump test and the average for an Academy level pace bowler is 60.5cm (Gore, 2000) Therefore, we have decided to look at improving the clients leg power to improve bowling speed and performance. Our client will need to alter his diet to cope with the stresses of the intervention that will have on his body. A sustained high protein diet is needed to repair the damage inflicted on the muscles (Stevens, 2010). Nutrition Having a low body fat percentage is important in modern day Cricket due to the high physical demands of the sport. Noakes Durandt (2000) suggested that fast bowlers need to have a body fat percentage of around 12-14%. Our client falls short of this target (See Figure 3). It has been reported that fast bowlers in particular, benefit from low levels of body fat. A lower body fat composition helps a bowler, bowl faster, be more agile, have increased stamina so they can bowl for longer spells and be more tolerable of the heat (Meltzer et al, 2005). In terms of carbohydrates our client needs to consume 60-70% of their daily energy intake. In the 5 days assessed our client reached that value for 3 of the 5 days (see figure 4). In terms of the clients protein intake, the recommended percentage for athletes is about is 12-15% or 1.4-1.7g protein. Kg-1 body mass. Day -1. In the 5 days assessed our client exceeded the recommended value for 2 of the 5 days and they were under the value from 2 of the 5 days. Protein is important for strength athletes assuming that the total energy intake is sufficient to cover their high daily expenditure and the remaining energy is provided by fats (Lemon et al, 1991). Psychology We are looking at lowering our clients anxiety levels and primarily focusing on lowering his somatic anxiety. It is recommended for any sport a player needs to score 18/36 or higher for the CSAI-2 questionnaire (Martens et al, 2000). The client scored in the CSAI-2 Questionnaire. Therefore, we are primarily looking at lowering his somatic anxiety. However, the proposed intervention should decrease cognitive anxiety which is borderline to what is required at present. Anxiety has a negative effect on performance. This is explained by a process called the processing efficiency theory (Eysenck et al, 1992). The theory states that when an athlete becomes anxious, the athlete strives to work harder and exerts an increased effort in order to overcome their anxiety. The increased effort has a detrimental effect in their execution of their technique. There gets to a point where the athlete cant cope with the psychological rigors of carrying out the skill and ends up giving up. Therefore, we n eed to lower our clients somatic anxiety as it will improve our clients physiological responses. Communication Model and Outline of Intervention The information regarding the intervention will be passed onto our client via weekly meetings. A meeting will take place before the intervention and will involve us, the client and the coach; we will discuss whether the client wants the coach present. The logistics of the intervention and how the intervention will improve the clients performance will also be discussed at the meeting. The Intervention will be over 8 weeks and involve plyometric training. The reason for having the intervention for 8 weeks is because it has been reported that to get any improvement in performance at least 8 weeks of plyometric and strength training needs to be completed (Fletcher, 2004). Plyometrics are being used to develop leg power as it has been widely reported that plyometrics has improved leg strength (Blakely et al, 1987). To lower the clients anxiety levels he will undertake relaxation techniques including self talk and goal setting techniques as they have been found to lower anxiety (Fletcher et al, 2001). The client will have the freedom to undertake these techniques anytime during the intervention when the client and the coach feel necessary. The client will also use imagery when he feels his technique is declining due to the batsman dominating them during a spell of bowling. This will help reduce the clients anxiety which is having a negative effect on his technique. Imagery helps re-run the predicted patterns of movements and this will make the client more comfortable to a real life bowling situation (Hale et al, 1998). The client will be given a food diary at the beginning of the 8 week intervention so they can complete it accordingly. This will be reassessed after the 8 week intervention to see if they have been following the recommended calorie intake values for training and non training days (see figure 6 and 6.1). They will also be given a rough eating plan on their training and non training days. They dont have to follow it specifically but it gives them a guideline on what types of food they need to consume. (See appendix for eating plans) Data gathered from the intervention along with pre and post testing will be shown to the client. If the client wants his coach to analyse the data then it will be provided for the coach to examine. Before testing, written informed consent and a medical history questionnaire were completed by the participant (Copies can be found in the appendix). Interaction of intervention with other aspects of performance It has been reported that strength training has an effect on anxiety. Tsutsumi et al (1998) reported that a group of athletes undertook strength training and found out they had lower levels of anxiety compared to a group who didnt take part in any strength training. The introduction of plyometrics training will improve his leg power which in turn will improve his sprint speed (Maulder, 2004). Research suggests that consumption of certain foods intervene the performance of certain physiological parameters. The Vo2 max and body fat percentage was measured in elite South African cricketers; 56.ml.kg.min 13% body fat (Noakes et al, 2000). We also are aware that any improvements in performance could be down to any of the exercises that the client completes during the intervention

The Color Purple by Alice Walker Essay -- essays papers

The Color Purple by Alice Walker The Color Purple by Alice Walker is the story of a poor black woman living in the south between World War 1 and World War 2. This was at a time when, although slavery had ended,many women were still virtually in bondage, and had to put up with many conditions that was reminiscent of the days of slavery. The problem was that they had to endure being treated like an inferior being by their own families sometimes, as well as from the white people that lived there. It was a life that was filled with misery for many black women, and they felt helpless to do anything about their situations. The book focuses mainly on a woman named Celie, who has lived a hard life already when, at the age of 14 she begins writing letters to God to have someone to confide in,and tell her thoughts and secrets to. In her first letter, she says â€Å"I have always been a good girl. Maybe you can give me a sign letting me know what is happening to me.† (1) Already at that age she has been taking care of her brothers and sister, and has been working very hard at trying to get something of an education. On top of this, she has been raped by her father repeatedly because, as he says, â€Å"You gonna do what your mammy wouldn’t.† (1) She has had two babies by him already, and he’s taken both of them away right after they were born. She thinks at first he might have killed one of them, but later finds out that he sold them to a couple in town. Celie doesn’t do anything about her situation, because she’s used to being treated like that. She’s scared, and she fears for her sister Nettie too, when her Pa starts looking at her the same way. Eventually, a man referred to as Mr. ______ comes along and wants to marry Nettie, but he’s too old for her, and ends up marrying Celie. He takes a couple of months to think it over, but goes ahead and marries her because he needs someone to watch over his kids, and besides, she will bring the cow she was raising along. It’s not so much he wants a relationship, he just wants someone to take care of things for him so he doesn’t have to do much, and he wants something else when he wants it. Her father even tells Mr. ____ that â₠¬Å"She ugly... But she ain’t no stranger to hard work. And she clean. And God fixed her. You can do everything just like you want to and she ain’t gonna make you feed it or clothe it.† (9) As soon ... ...inds that she can be happy and content having her own life, without being treated like a doormat by others. She is finally truly happy with her life and the way it is going, except for one thing. Her life is complete when, after years of wondering about her sister, and then years of waiting, Nettie finally comes home, bringing â€Å"their† children, and Adam’s wife from Africa. As Celie puts it, â€Å"I feel a little peculiar around the children. For one thing, they grown. And I see they think me and Nettie and Shug and Albert and Samuel and Harpo and Sophia and Jack and Odessa real old and don’t know much what going on. But I don’t think us feel old at all. And us so happy. Matter of fact, I think this the youngest us ever felt.†(295) With her long lost sister, and her kids reunited with her after so much time, there really wouldn’t be any other way to feel besides young again, except for maybe an urge to make up for lost time. Now that she’s being treated like she should be, it should be easier to make up the time to her family, because she can be herself, and be happy about it. That’s saying a lot after all she’s been through, and Celie will surely make the best of her from this point on.

Business Studies Case Study on a Music Industry (With Diagrams) Essay

Benny, a class 9 boy who excelled in the art of singing wanted to make use of his rare talent and raise money for his future education. He set up a small time business with 2 of his friends to raise money, as he was very poor. One of his friends Sam decided to handle accounts as he was skilled at Maths and had a good understanding of what price to set. Another of his friends Josh was in charge of building personal relations with some consumers to enhance sales as he had excellent persuasions and people skills. All three of them thought about different marketing strategies. They conducted research and found: * This was a gap in the market as there are few talented child singers going public * Most of the people in their class were willing to buy the CD at a reasonable price, his juniors and seniors were also willing to buy, * There would be an excitement about the album only for he first few weeks as the three of them had built considerable hype for the launch of the event, * Knowing Benny personally helped as people knew that they could associate and comment on his album, selling the album anywhere else would not earn enough. * They would need to add a lot more value to the album like adding a live video of Benny singing and dancing and a virtually DJ mixed song. They calculated the cost of making one CD: * They had to pay a monthly rent of Rs 10,000 for the recording studio for one month but due to lack of funds the owner of studio allowed them to pay 50% after 4 months * Printing the cover page of the CD- 5 Rupees * Cost of empty CD – 15 Rupees * Cover of the CD – 10 Rupees * Other – Rs. 5000 per month They did not think that they could do all the work themselves and hence employed 20 members of their class and promised to pay them 100 Rupees if they managed to sell 20 CD’s each per month. They worked under the sales department. The album was launched in January and Sam decided to sell each CD for a cost of 99 Rupees. The first month the 3 of them sold only in their school and to their close friends and were able to sell 500 CD’s in cash while another 250 were sold in credit. The next month the 3 of them decide to go outside school after taking customer feedback through questionnaires, interviews and observations and improving the mistakes they made in the album. Then they decided to market the CD throughout Mumbai and were promoted and sponsored by Planet M, as Planet M is a well known music shop; which charged 10000 per month for advertising. Every week on a Saturday, which is statistically Planet M’s day with the most footfalls, a special promotion took place where Benny sang live in the store. Planet M also advertised this in the Rolling Stones Magazine and newspaper. Benny became an instant hit and at the end of the year they sold 1000 CD’s per month in cash and 500 CD’s in credit that was to be paid by the next month. Now Benny and his friends have decided to sell the rights of the album to Tips Industry limited for 500,000 so that they could sell whole over India. They took this step as there board exams were approaching but as per the contract Benny has to perform about 1 stage show per month all over India and gets 10,000 Rupees for doing so.

Dramaturgical Analysis Essay

In life we all act differently depending on who we are with and the situation at hand. In almost every situation we act in a different way, with our friends in public, with our family members at home, with coworkers, and most importantly our boss in a work environment. Depending on who we are with you could say our personality changes. As humans we know how to act in every situation, at work you would dress more formal, whereas going out with a group of friends you would dress more causal. Along with our looks changing, we also change our behaviors, the way we talk, sit, the tone of your voice, etc. At a doctor’s office, the receptionist must play a defined role. She has to act polite, caring, professional, and must remain discreet about her patient’s information and conditions. The receptionist is 27 year old Hispanic woman, she works at the doctor’s office from 8 am to 5 pm. She is acting in a professional manner, well maintained, dressed in scrubs with closed toe shoes. I would describe the receptionist as upper middle class social status. The receptionist sits at her front desk in the middle of the doctor’s office and greets all the patients. She is in charge of all the paper work, appointments, and all the patient’s charts. While analyzing the receptionist in her work environment I noticed many front stage behaviors and backstage behaviors (concepts used to describe the relationship between the roles actors play at a given moment and the various audiences these roles involve). For example, she would talk to almost everyone with respect, especially her patients and boss. Then when no one was around, I noticed that she was very rude to her coworkers. By looking at her coworkers facial expressions it was obvious to see they didn’t like the receptionist. When the boss was around the receptionist would act very professional and caring towards everyone. Right when he would leave the room she would start doing different things that I’m sure wasn’t involved with her job. I noticed she was on her cell phone a lot, texting and talking in a very rude way to people and mostly about her personal problems, even though she was supposed to be working and taking care of her patients. When the boss would walk into the room she would quickly hide her cell phone and act as if she is working. The receptionist never noticed that I was observing her every move therefore I was able to see her front stage and backstage behavior. We all have these behaviors, but I was shocked to see that this receptionist showed both her personality sides at a professional working environment. Using an approach, like dramaturgy, helped me to analyze social interaction in a more interesting and complex way. If I had been just simply observing the receptionist I would have never payed attention to her backstage behavior. By using a dramaturgical approach I noticed how her personality would change depending on if the boss was in the room or not. This approach provides us with a deeper understanding on how humans think and act. In life most of us only show our good side to people especially at work, therefore I was surprised to have been able to see the receptionist rude side. I think if the receptionist had known that I was observing her she would have acted only in front stage behavior. This assignment was very beneficial to me it helped me to take a deeper look at what microsociologists do. Now I have a different perspective on how people act. I knew that humans act differently in public than they do in private but I had never seen it happen in real life which made this assignment so much more interesting to me. I think it is really important to know how to act in every situation. Some people do not understand that a work environment needs to remain professional whereas going out with your friends can be more social and personal. Overall I enjoyed this assignment because it opened up my mind to bigger ideas. It made me think if a person can act like this in work environment imagine how they act with friends, people they like, and just imagine seeing people they don’t like in public. It made me think that if the receptionist wasn’t scared to talk rudely to her coworkers in the office imagine how she would act if she saw them in public. From now on I think I will always be using the dramaturgical approach because it provides us with a richer meaning and deeper understanding of human behavior.

Posters Of The 1890S Essays - Modern Art, French Art, Edwardian Era

Posters Of The 1890'S Essays - Modern Art, French Art, Edwardian Era Posters Of The 1890'S The 1890's was the beginning of the first poster graphics. Not only have these posters been seen as advertisements but they are also looked upon as works of art. Two excellent examples of different work done during this period are Alphonse Mucha's Lorenzaccio (1898) and Henri Toulouse- Lautrec's Jardin de Paris (1893). Each poster is equally exquisite in it's line, style, color, composition, and perspective. Alphonse Mucha was born in 1860 and traveled to Paris in 1890. He designed posters in the fashionable Byzantine style of ornamentation. In Mucha's Lorenzaccio this can clearly be seen. The poster is a cropped image in the vertical pillar style with elaborate ornamentation through out. There is written word on the top and bottom as typical of many of his works. By the writing around the figure we can see that the poster was intended to be made for Sarah Bernhardt. The poster exhibits intricate, flowing line with sharp outlines. The active, curvilinear line dominates the picture. It's dramatic, decorative design can be seen through the dragon that looks straight into our eyes. There are distinct monochromatic colors of green, brown and red. Lorenzaccio is a heavily detailed, two dimensional poster with no middle ground. The subject is off in thought in the poster. The clothing she is wearing particularly adds to the active line. The background is extremely decorative. Altogether the poster is created with a compartmentalized composition. I would characterize Mucha's work in the Art Nouveau style because of his use of decorative style with simplified forms. His sharp, curvilinear line; full color tones, and Cloisonisme composition add to the stylistic qualities. However, I believe that Henri Toulouse- Lautrec's Jardin de Paris is especially well designed as the use of a poster and work of art. I prefer this poster better because of its different approach to advertising in a clear, eye catching way, and its use of distortion for effect. Much of Lautrec's style comes from Cheret from the English Arts and Crafts movement. The impact of Lautrec's work can also be seen through other artists as Pablo Picasso in his The Blue Room (1901). His subject, which he used many times in his work, is Jane Avril. In this poster we see her as the orchestra member would. Lautrec creates her as a broad silhouette with a face that looks tired and unhappy. Jardin de Paris is unique in that the flowing form of the orchestra member brings us up to the picture where the distinct color is used on the dancer. Lautrec uses bright red and yellow to accentuate her, and uses gray and black for the rest of the composition. He uses simplified forms with distinct, dark outlines. In this work, like Mucha's, there are two dimensional, Cloisonisme qualities created in a vertical pillar form. The asymmetrical objects help to create the foreground/ background qualities. The instrument works as a carrier for our eyes to move back and forth from the foreground and background. The orchestra member also creates an exiting picture frame around Jane Avril. The use of angular lines draw the viewers eye to and fro. This can be seen in the angle of the instrument, the backstage, and particularly how the dancer's is bent. Altogether this is a very bold and striking work. I believe Jardin de Paris to be from the English Arts and Crafts movement because of its emphasis on flat figures, simplified forms and sharp outlines. Both posters exhibit stylistic qualities from both the English Arts and Crafts movement, Art Nouveau and a little Japonisme.

Human Sexuality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Human Sexuality - Essay Example This also becomes highly pertinent for the simple fact that non-monogamy, especially in the forms of divorce and other forms of separation, adultery and marital infidelity, has already been a part and parcel of the daily social existence (Emmens 2003). Hence this leads us to the subtle differentiations between various conceptual categories that are critical in the constitution of our sexual desires and preferences. The constructionist approach towards human sexuality and sexual preferences have already shattered the essentialists’ and conservatives’ arguments on the ground that sexual subjectivity, including identity and sexual orientations and desires, are inherently offshoots of the larger social and cultural environment (Ritchie and Barker 2006, 585). It is in this context that a postmodern challenge against the hegemony of heterosexual monogamy has emerged from an albeit new form of â€Å"partner arrangements that vary as to the number of people involved, the sexes of those involved, the sexualities of those involved, the level of commitment of those involved, and the kinds of relationships pursued† known as polyamory (Strassberg 2003, 440). A form of non-monogamy polyamory stresses upon â€Å"people’s capacity to share and multiply their love in honest and consensual ways† (Anderlini-D’Onofrio, 2004 as quoted in Ritchie and Barker 2006) as opposed to the rigid ethical, moral restraints associated with monogamy. The emergence of polyamory as a conceptual category seeking to subvert the prevalent beliefs regarding sexual desire and practice has significantly contributed to the ongoing debate around, especially, polygamy and other non-monogamous unions. ... The emergence of polyamory as a conceptual category seeking to subvert the prevalent beliefs regarding sexual desire and practice has significantly contributed to the ongoing debate around, especially, polygamy and other non-monogamous unions. In fact defining the various forms of non-monogamous and other forms of sexual practices, as neatly articulated in the Lawrence case at the Supreme Court (See Emens 2003 and Ashbee 2007 for a detailed analysis of this case), like bigamy, polygamy, incest, obscenity, masturbation and so on as logical extensions of enterprises to legalize same-sex marriage invites us to revisit those categories, including monogamy and the postmodern polyamory. Despite the different factors that co-exist with monogamy and that have already invalidated the very base of monogamy, the institution of monogamy still looms large â€Å"in this nation’s social landscape† (Emens 2003, 8). In the western culture it still continues to be a fact that that life-l ong or serial monogamy with one (everlasting) partner is the dominant model of relationships available. It exerts its hegemony through various apparatuses that are basically concerned with mainstream, statist ideologies. Depictions and valorizations of monogamous couples, fidelities and other romantic associations still fill the media discussions and other forms of cultural representations. This compulsory notion of monogamy not only renders all other forms of non-monogamy invalid and invisible but also labels alternative desires and relationships as completely unethical, amoral and pathological (Ritchie and Barker 2006). The representations of monogamy have indeed served to further normativise its existence and other forms of marital unions essentially fall outside of this

Violence in Movies Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Violence in Movies - Research Paper Example One of the most viewed and produced genres include violent and action packed movies which are purely entertaining in nature. However, the first years of violent movies were tightly regulated by the Production Code and therefore between the years 1939-1959, the genre of violent movies was in its lag phase; however produces recognized the potential of violence movies in the market and post 1960 production of such movies started though the concept of bloodshed was uncommon. It was only much later in the 1980’s that blood, guns and true violence was visible onscreen i.e. the depiction of violence changed drastically and till date the trend continues in American cinema. It needs to be admitted that though today violent activities are shown more in number, the actual visibility of blood was much raw in the older movies while today blood shedding is represented in a more sophisticated manner because the subject itself has become really common and the audience today have evolved too. It was in the 1980’s that the transition of movies into violence movies actually started since this was a drastic transitional period for the Hollywood film industry itself. One of the quintessential violent movies was the pure action movies whose basic structure and plot forms the basis of action movies that are made today. One of the first violent movies to be censored during this period was Conan, the Barbarian (1982) which was an action packed, adventurous and thriller. The concept of man-alien conflict also started in this period with the making of the Predator in 1985 where â€Å"the entire film literally boils down to a mano-a-mano standoff between Major Dutch Schaeffer, played by Arnold Schwarzenegger and the alien predator who has hunted and killed his platoon soldiers one by one† (Kendrick,2009,p96). However, Cannibal Holocaust (1980) which is predominantly the most violent documentary movie that has